Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is a relatively new diagnosis in the field of mental health, having been added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013. It primarily affects children and adolescents, leading to severe irritability, anger and frequent, intense temper outbursts. 

Understanding DMDD can help in identifying its symptoms, causes and potential treatments.

Symptoms of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Recognizing the symptoms of DMDD is important for early intervention and effective management. Here are the key symptoms:

Severe temper outbursts

Children with DMDD experience frequent and severe temper outbursts that are grossly out of proportion to the situation. These outbursts can be verbal (such as yelling or screaming) or behavioral (such as physical aggression).

Chronic irritability

Between outbursts, children with DMDD exhibit a persistent irritable or angry mood. This mood is noticeable most of the day, nearly every day, and is observable by parents, teachers and peers.

Frequency and duration

For a diagnosis of DMDD, these symptoms must be present for at least 12 months and must occur in at least two different settings (e.g., at home and at school). The frequency of outbursts should be three or more times per week.

Causes of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

The exact cause of DMDD is not well understood, but several factors may contribute to its development.

Genetic factors

There is evidence to suggest that genetic factors play a role in DMDD. Children with a family history of mood disorders, such as depression or bipolar disorder, may be more susceptible.

Environmental factors

Stressful or traumatic environments can contribute to the onset of DMDD. Exposure to violence, abuse or neglect can increase the risk of developing mood dysregulation issues.

Neurobiological factors

Neurobiological differences, such as abnormalities in brain function and structure, may also be involved. These differences can affect how a child regulates emotions and responds to stress.

Family history

A family history of mood disorders can increase the likelihood of developing DMDD. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the disorder’s onset.

Traumatic experiences

Exposure to traumatic events, such as abuse, neglect or witnessing violence, can trigger the development of DMDD. These experiences can disrupt normal emotional development and regulation.

Brain function and structure

Differences in brain function and structure, particularly in areas related to emotion regulation, may contribute to DMDD. Research is ongoing to understand these neurobiological factors better.

Can Adults Have Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder?

DMDD is primarily diagnosed in children and adolescents, typically between the ages of 6 and 18. The symptoms often diminish as the child grows older, and it is rare for adults to be diagnosed with DMDD. Instead, adults who exhibited symptoms of DMDD in childhood may be diagnosed with other mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder.

Can Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Be Cured?

DMDD is a chronic condition, and there is no definitive cure. However, with appropriate treatment and management strategies, children with DMDD can manage their condition. Treatment often involves a combination of therapy, medication, and support for both the child and their family.

Therapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is commonly used to help children with DMDD. CBT focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors, teaching children how to manage their emotions and reactions more effectively.

Medication

In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help manage symptoms. Antidepressants, mood stabilizers and antipsychotic medications can be effective in reducing irritability and preventing severe outbursts.

Support and education

Educating parents and teachers about DMDD is essential for creating a supportive environment. Behavioral interventions, such as establishing routines and using positive reinforcement, can also be beneficial.

How to Deal with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Managing DMDD requires a comprehensive approach that involves the child, their family and their school environment.

Develop a consistent routine

Children with DMDD benefit from predictability and structure. Establishing a consistent daily routine can help reduce stress and prevent outbursts.

Use positive reinforcement

Positive reinforcement techniques, such as praising good behavior and using reward systems, can encourage children to manage their emotions better.

Implement behavioral strategies

Behavioral strategies, such as time-outs and calm-down techniques, can be effective in managing temper outbursts. Teaching children how to recognize and respond to their emotions is key.

Seek professional help

Therapists, counselors and other mental health professionals can provide valuable support and guidance. Regular therapy sessions can help children develop coping skills and improve their emotional regulation.

Impact of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

DMDD can significantly impact a child’s life and their family’s well-being. It can affect academic performance, peer relationships and overall quality of life. Understanding and addressing these challenges is crucial for effective management.

Academic challenges

Children with DMDD may struggle academically due to frequent outbursts and difficulty concentrating. Teachers and school counselors can provide support by implementing individualized education plans (IEPs) and accommodations.

Social relationships

Forming and maintaining friendships can be challenging for children with DMDD. Social skills training and peer support programs can help improve their interactions with others.

Family dynamics

DMDD can strain family relationships, leading to increased stress and conflict. Family therapy and support groups can provide valuable resources for families dealing with DMDD.

Help is Here

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder is a complex condition that requires a multifaceted approach to management. While there is no cure, early intervention, therapy, medication and supportive environments can significantly improve the quality of life for children with DMDD and their families. Understanding the symptoms, causes and treatment options is essential for effective management and support.

River Point Behavioral Health located in Jacksonville, Florida, is here to help. If you are interested more in our facility and want to learn more about our programs and treatments contact us today.